Prework Study Guide

HTML

The head element contains elements about the webpage and the metadata.
The body element represents the visible content shown to the user.
The meta element represents the metadata within the webpage which is not visible to the user.
The !DOCTYPE html declaration tells the browser to expect HTML on the page and is located at the very top.
Declarations are not case-sentive whereas elements are.
The script element embeds client-side scripts in the HTML document.
The hi, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elemets represent the level of heading a given text block represents.
The p element represents a paragraph or block of text.
The ul, ol, and il elements represent unordered lists, ordered lists, and list items.
The img element contains information about images that are displayed on the webpage.
The br element creates a line of empty space, or a line break, between two blocks of content.
The a element (which stands for anchor) creates links to the same webpage or other webpages.
The href attribute points to a URL for the link.

A margin indicates how much space we want around the outside of an element.
A padding indicates how much space we want around the content inside an element.
A selector defines the elements or attributes to which the rules, or declarations will aplly.
Declarations contain two important components: the CSS property we want to apply and the value of the property.
A link element creates the connection between HTML and the external CSS file.
The rel attribute specifies the relationship between the current document and the linked document resource.
A href attribute specifies the location (URL) of the external resource.
The special wild card symbol: '*' is a selector used to apply a rule to all the elements visible on the page.
The img selector assigns property values to any image element in the markup.
We assign the block value to the display property within an img selector to assign an image to start on a new line.

git status: Shows modiﬁed ﬁles in working directory, staged for next commit.
git add [file]: Adds a ﬁle as it currently looks to the next commit (stage.)
git reset [file]: Unstages a ﬁle while retaining the changes in the working directory.
git branch: Lists the branches. A "*" will appear next to the currently active branch.
git branch [branch-name]: Creates a new branch at the current commuit.
git checkout: Switches to another branch that's available to check in the working directory.
git merge [branch]: Merges the specifiede branch's history to the current one.
git log: Shows all commits in the current brach's history.

The git add -A command is used stage changes.
The git commit -m "[message]" command is used to add a message to the commit.
The git pull origin main command is used to pull in the base branch main to our feature branch.
The git push origin [branch-name] command is used push up changes to the remote repository.

A variable is a named container that allows us to store data in our code.
Control flow is the order in which a computer executes code in a script.
A function is a statement that performs a task or calculates a value.
We use */ /* to make a line or section of code inactive.
An array is a single variable that is used to hold a group of data. Arrays typically hold data that is related in some way.
A for loop tells the computer to go through each of the data in our array and log them to the console until there is no data left.
The console.log() static method outputs a message to the console and will output whatever we add inside the parenthesis.
The if statatement can be used to execute a block of code if a condition is true.
The else if statement is used to specify a new condition to test, if the condition preceding it is false.
The else statement is used to specify a block of code to be executed, if an if/else if statement preceding it is false.
A truthy value is considered true when encountered in a Boolean context. That is, all values are truthy except false, 0, -0, 0n, "", null, undefined, NaN, and document.all.
All values are truthy unless they are defined as falsy.